Do you want to know the ideal compressor settings for vocals? Then read this article till the end.
Of all the audio effects, compressor is the most confusing thing for us. As a recording engineer, I spent a lot of time understanding various audio effects.
Fortunately, with time I improved myself in applying the right kind of audio effects in the right places.
And most importantly, the right effect settings.
Applying effect presets is not the end of your work. The problem is, every song is different. The genres, singing styles, melody, and rhythm there are many criteria that impact a lot in the mixing process.
And of course, if you have a track record outside your studio, you must aware be aware that the song is recorded in other environments and gears.
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What Is A Compressor?
When we record a sound clip, in terms of intensity, we get an unbalanced sound clip. Some areas of that sound clip may have a high level of intensity and some areas have a low-intensity level.
The levels of intensity solely depend on the sound source. In vocals, the intensity is more unbalanced than in other instruments.
The work of a compressor is to compress the higher-intensity areas of the sound clip and make them nearer to the lower ones so that we could get a smooth and balanced sound.
Sounds easy. Right?
But actually, it’s not an easy task to use a compressor in the right way.
However, if you take time to learn compressors and if your ears are sharp, applying a compressor would be easier for you with time.
In this article, you will learn about the components of a compressor and also how to set it up in the right way to get a perfect vocal.
Compressor And Limiters are different
Many of us are confused between compressors and limiters. We treat them with the same effect and use them in the wrong way. As a result, we end up with an unbalanced crappy mix.
What is a Limiter and how it is different from a Compressor
A limiter is also a compressor but it is used to prevent audio levels from going higher than a specified point. It has a very high compression ratio (20:1 to infinity:1).
When we apply a limiter in an audio track and set the level to a certain point, whenever the audio signal goes beyond that level, it immediately compresses down the level to the level we set up.
The main goal of using a limiter is to avoid clippings.
On the other hand, in a compressor, we have been provided with a compression ratio adjustment knob and a knee adjustment switch. By adjusting these 2 things we can control how the compression work on the audio signal.
The compressor has the ability to compress down the peaks softly and make the sound more dynamic.
As a result, we get balanced audio which is not possible with a Limiter.
Components Of A Compressor Effect
Before we get into the compressor settings for vocals, let us get some knowledge of its core components which can help you to understand how the compressor effect works.
Attack
The attack time of a compressor decides the contents of the audio signal. The faster the attack time it has, the more sound goes smoother and less aggressively.
We should set up the attack time fast for vocals and slow for a rhythm like drums.
The reason is simple. We don’t want to subside the punch in kick and snare so we set the attack time slow for drums etc.
But vocals are not like drums. They have a smooth punch than drums. So you should set attack time fast for vocals.
However, for some genres like Hip-hop, we need more aggressive vocals. In this situation we can set the attack time fast to emphasize the consonants of vocals.
Release
Release time works on the tail end of the sound. In the case of vocals, it shapes the tail ends of words and phrases.
The faster the release time the more prominent tail ends. The slower the release time the less prominent tail ends.
There are two options you can use according to the genre of your vocals.
1. Set it as fast as possible
Setting up a release time fast will bring up low-end details like the tail ends of phrases and breathing. This setting is perfect for Rock or Pop genres because it makes the sound more aggressive and passionate
2. Slow Release time
Slow release time will make the sound more natural and less processed than the 1st option. You can slow down the release time with folk, jazz, and acoustic genres as they demand a soft and mellow voice.
For Rhythmic Items
It depends. Like in kick drums you want to make the tail ends of kicks more prominent then you should choose 1st option. On the other hand, if you have a lot of symbal in the beats, you can play with the release time to get a more smooth symbal.
Threshold
The threshold is the most important component of a compressor. setting up the threshold is tricky. However, once you understand the work of Threshold, it will be very easy to set.
Threshold is used to set the amount of compressing effect on the track. It is directly proportional to the input signal.
When the input signal increases in the compressor, the Threshold becomes more aggressive and when the input signal decreases it becomes less aggressive.
You have to adjust the input signal and Threshold together to get the compressor to work in the right way and with the right amount.
Ratio
The ratio has to be adjusted with the Threshold to get the perfect compression in the audio signal. Compression ratio is a quite confusing thing. It specifies the amount of attenuation to be applied to the signal.
You can see some numbers on the compression ratio knob, ie; 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, etc. A ratio of 1:1 is the lowest and it represents no attenuation. 2:1 ratio indicates that a signal exceeding the threshold by 2 dB will be attenuated down to 1 dB above the threshold and vice versa.
Knee
Knee decides how the compressor transitions between the compressed and uncompressed states of an audio signal. Generally, compressor plugins have two options for Knee – Soft Knee and Hard Knee.
With soft-knee compressor attacks the audio signal softly and with a hard knee, it attacks hard.
Makeup Gain
Makeup gain is the final volume output after applying the compressor. You will find the makeup gain knob in almost all the compressors.
When you set the threshold and ratio, the gain of the audio signal will also be reduced. This is because the peaks are reduced after passing through the threshold.
Makeup gain gives you the ability to make up any gain reduction due to compression.
Pro tip: You should always use makeup gain to recover any gain lo due to compression and sit back the vocals in the mix.
Compressor Settings For Vocals
In this section, we will go for all the settings of the compressor plugin one by one to get the perfect vocal output.
What should be the attack time of the compressor plugin for Vocals?
There are 2 types of attack time you can use for various vocal genres.
Fast Attack Time – Faster attack time is used to make a vocal smoother and less aggressive. It pulls the consonants down and pushes the vocal to the background. Fast attack time is perfect for slow genre vocals. You can set it from 1ms to 10 ms for slow and soft vocals.
Slow Attack Time – Slow attack time emphasizes the consonants of the vocal and makes it brighter, adding articulation and clarity to the vocals. When we set up the attack time above 500ms you can feel the vocal is like spitting out the words.
Ideal Attack time setting – The ideal attack time for standard vocal formats is 10ms to 100ms.
Release Time of Compressor Plugins for Vocals
Fast Release Time – If you set up the release time very fast then you feel that the breathing and tail ends of the vocal become more prominent and aggressive because fast release time increases the dynamics of low-volume areas.
Slow Release Time – If you need more natural vocals and only want your compressor to apply subtly on the tail ends then you must start with slow release time and gradually decrease it to adjust the tail end dynamics as your need.
Ideal Release time for Vocals – However, there are no set rules for any of the compression parameters for vocals, you can start between 500ms to 600ms and gradually decrease the time to get it perfect.
How To Adjust Threshold and Ratio of Compressor for Vocals?
First set up the ratio of 3:1 or 2:1. Now without soloing the vocal slowly turn down the Threshold knob to adjust the amount of compression on the vocal.
If the vocal’s volume drops down then adjust the makeup gain (input). By bypassing and applying the compressor, get the input gain the same as without the compressor.
Adjust these 3 parameters (Threshold, Ratio, and makeup gain) so you can hear every word in vocal clarity. If even after decreasing the Threshold down very low, you can’t hear all the words clearly, adjust the ratio by turning it up.
Soft Knee or Hard Knee?
Generally, the Soft knee is used to compress the vocals effectively. If you use a hard knee in vocals, you can hear the annoying effect of the compressor clamping down on a vocal when it hits the threshold.
If your compressor has an independent control knob on the Knee parameter, then you have to adjust it manually by listening to the vocal.
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Conclusion
Well, here are compression settings and tips that I use to compress vocals. If you have any setting or technique for finding the perfect vocal compression, add your comment and share that trick with other music producers.
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